The Trump administration has released a sweeping report outlining foreign trade barriers, just ahead of plans to impose reciprocal tariffs on U.S. trading partners. The annual National Trade Estimate Report by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) details tariffs and non-tariff barriers from countries including China, the EU, Mexico, and Canada. It highlights obstacles such as strict food safety standards, renewable energy mandates, and procurement rules that limit U.S. exports.
President Trump’s upcoming reciprocal tariffs, expected this week, aim to counter foreign countries’ higher tariffs and non-reciprocal practices. Last week, the administration proposed 25% tariffs on auto imports to boost domestic manufacturing, a move sparking concerns about price hikes.
U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer emphasized Trump’s unprecedented focus on leveling the playing field for American exporters, stating that the administration is determined to restore fairness in global trade. White House trade adviser Peter Navarro has previously criticized EU value-added taxes (VATs) as hidden tariffs and subsidies, though the USTR report focuses instead on digital service taxes and the EU’s carbon border adjustment mechanism.
The report identifies VAT policies in countries like Argentina, Mexico, and the UAE as burdensome to U.S. goods and flags China’s use of VAT rebates as a form of export subsidy. Technical barriers such as the EU’s delayed approval of genetically modified crops and bans on certain pesticide residues were also noted. Additionally, the EU’s new recycled plastic content rules were called “unjustified barriers.”
Longstanding disputes were revisited, including Canada’s dairy supply management system, which imposes steep tariffs—up to 298% on butter. Trump warned such barriers would be matched unless eliminated. The 397-page report reinforces the administration’s push for fairer trade terms.